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P355NL1 steel plate is a low-temperature quality-grade low-alloy high-strength structural steel that complies with the European standard (EN10028-3).
I. Chemical Composition Characteristics
The chemical composition of P355NL1 steel plate is precisely controlled to meet specific mechanical property and corrosion resistance requirements. The main alloy elements and their content ranges are as follows:
Carbon (C): ≤0.18%. It is one of the primary elements in steel, significantly influencing its hardness and strength.
Silicon (Si): ≤0.50%. It helps enhance the strength and corrosion resistance of the steel.
Manganese (Mn): 1.10% - 1.70%. It plays a significant role in improving the strength and toughness of the steel.
Phosphorus (P): ≤0.025%; Sulfur (S): ≤0.008%. These two elements are typically kept at low levels to minimize their negative impacts on the machinability and toughness of the steel.
Other alloy elements: Such as chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), niobium (Nb), titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), etc. These elements exist in trace amounts and further enhance certain specific properties of the steel, such as corrosion resistance and low-temperature toughness.
II. Mechanical Property Characteristics
P355NL1 steel plate exhibits excellent mechanical properties, primarily including:
High strength: The yield strength is not less than 355 MPa, and the tensile strength typically ranges from 490 to 630 MPa. It can withstand significant pressure and temperature variations, ensuring the stability and safety of structures.
High toughness: It maintains good toughness even in low-temperature environments and is less prone to brittle fracture. Especially at -40°C (or lower temperatures), it demonstrates outstanding impact toughness, with an impact energy typically not less than 30 J/cm² (some sources require ≥27 J), effectively resisting low-temperature brittle fracture.
Good plasticity: The elongation after fracture typically ranges from 21% to 22% (some sources suggest it generally ranges from 18% to 25%). It can absorb more energy when subjected to impact and is less likely to fracture.
Fatigue resistance: It can withstand the effects of alternating loads and is less prone to fatigue cracks, extending the service life of equipment.
III. Process Performance Characteristics
P355NL1 steel plate possesses good process performance, including:
Welding performance: The alloy element ratio is reasonable, and the carbon equivalent is low, resulting in good welding performance. Various welding methods, such as manual arc welding, submerged arc welding, and gas shielded welding, can be employed. The welded joints exhibit good strength and toughness, meeting the needs of various complex structures.
Cold working performance: It has good cold bending properties and can undergo cold working processes such as bending and stamping at room temperature, meeting the requirements for manufacturing components with complex shapes.
Heat treatment performance: It is typically delivered in a normalized state but can also undergo normalization + tempering treatment according to technical requirements or customer demands. Heat treatment processes can further optimize the microstructure and properties of the steel plate, enhancing its comprehensive mechanical properties.